[1976:] [This was] so called from its performance
at Christmas during the Middle Ages by the women
of Coventry. (Notes Spinners, 'English
Collection')[1986:] This version by Robert
Croo, 1534 (acc. to Amis/Cochrane ?)
[1998:] The word [carol], from the French
'carole', first appears in English in 1300 and
only became primarily associated with Christmas
songs in the fifteenth century. According to the
classic work, Richard Leighton Greene's 'The
Early English Carol', 'a carol is a song of joy
originally accompanying a dance ... it has come
eventually to be used to designate a kind of
lyric poem, usually, but not exclusively on
sacred subjects, intended to be sung with or
without musical accompaniment.' (Peter Silverton,
Observer, 5 July)
[1998:] [...] the magical moment in the
Coventry mystery plays where, as the massacre of
the innocents begins, the stage direction says
'the Women come in with their children, singing'
and what they sing is that most haunting of all
carols, Lullay, lullay, thou littel tine child.
The carol lulls the mothers, audience and the
children in their laps, announcing 'the
possibility of security and bliss', but it
doesn't prevent the massacre of the baby boys in
the play. As Auden said: 'All the best nursery
poetry shocks the Neo-Hygienic-child-lover', and
Warner's wonderful study compellingly brings
desires and terrors into close proximity - as so
many of the most familiar lullabies do. (Hugh
Haughton, review Marina Warner, 'No Go the
Bogeyman', Observer, 15 Nov)